1.簡(jiǎn)單句的結(jié)構(gòu): 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)+方式狀語(yǔ)+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)還可以放在句首

2. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)感嘆句：what+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)， how+形容詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)頻度副詞：位于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間，常見(jiàn)頻度副詞及其程度的深淺：always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, neverI always buy CDs on Sundays.3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù)，也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的，或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。 He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ), a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for，to表示動(dòng)作對(duì)誰(shuí)而做， for表示動(dòng)作為誰(shuí)而做。主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語(yǔ)＋介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，注意頻度及時(shí)間副詞的位置 receive/take5. 復(fù)習(xí)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6. 冠詞用法（一）1． 不定冠詞用于修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當(dāng)一個(gè)單詞的第*個(gè)發(fā)音為元音時(shí)要用冠詞an, 如果是輔音用a即可。2． 不定冠詞還可以用來(lái)修飾一類事物，有時(shí)候也可以省略：A cat is a lovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3． 不可數(shù)名詞加冠詞表示一類事物：Apple is a fruit.4． 如果特制某人,某物或上文提過(guò)的人或物時(shí)要用定冠詞the5． Some表示一些，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞。6． 在姓名，城市，地名，過(guò)名，月份，節(jié)日，星期前不加冠詞，季節(jié)前也一般不加，特指時(shí)加。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out7. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)：在短語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞后面的介詞或副詞叫小品詞，有些小品詞既可以緊跟在動(dòng)詞后面也可以跟在動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面，而有些則只能緊跟著動(dòng)詞使用。8. 形容詞的比較級(jí)與*高級(jí)單音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí)*高級(jí)：u 直接加-er, -est: small-smaller, smallestu 以e結(jié)尾的加-r, -st: large-larger, largestu 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiestu 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加-er, -est：big-bigger, biggest以ow, er, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和個(gè)別單音節(jié)詞也直接加-er, -est：narrow, common, clever, simple，polite, quiet…多音節(jié)詞及雙音節(jié)詞：more/less, most/lest不規(guī)則變化：good/bad/many/little/far…少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞也要通過(guò)加more/less, most/lest構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和*高級(jí)：pleased, glad, tired, fond,注意：形容詞*高級(jí)前面要加定冠詞the 不定代詞的用法，如果不定代詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)：Everyone is here.enter/enter for9. 介詞（表示時(shí)間）u in:表示一天中的某段時(shí)間：in the morning/afternoon/evening表示月份/年份：in March, in 1990表示季節(jié)：in spring/winterin+一段時(shí)間可以表示在一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后，可以與現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)連用。u on:表示星期：on Monday表示具體日期：on June 1st表示具體時(shí)間：on that day/that evening/on that nightu at:表示確切時(shí)間：at 10 o’clock表示用餐時(shí)間：at lunch time/teatime表示其他時(shí)刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this timeu during+一段時(shí)間u from…tillu till/untill直到not any=no，語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)10. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過(guò)去分詞用法：u 主語(yǔ)不清或不需要提及時(shí)I was born in 1999. The apple was eaten. u 強(qiáng)調(diào)不同的主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的，用by+動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者The policeman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by雙重名詞所有格：one of +形容詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格+名詞復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’sone of my friends/a friend of mineone of your records/a record of yours1. 復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞不定式做賓補(bǔ)的用法：want/help/ask/teach/advise . to do, 代詞要用賓格形式borrow/lend, salary/wages2. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)：be going to結(jié)構(gòu)的用法be+副詞詞組：be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to ./sth.set out=set off, set up=create3. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)：名詞所有格：如果名詞復(fù)數(shù)以S結(jié)尾一般只加‘，如果名詞是以S結(jié)尾的專有名詞如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house 名詞所有格也可以用來(lái)表示無(wú)生命的1． 時(shí)間：today’s, new centry’s2． 國(guó)家，城市名詞：the country’s, the city’s3． 機(jī)構(gòu)組織：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library4． 車，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk5． 專有結(jié)構(gòu)：at one’s wit’s end,6． 價(jià)值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 時(shí)間：in twenty minutes’ time4. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)：ask/ask forexcept/except for/apart fromwhich of/neither of/both of/neither of5. 直接引語(yǔ)/間接引語(yǔ)（一）如果引語(yǔ)的主句所用動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，那么間接引語(yǔ)要做相應(yīng)變化：時(shí)態(tài)，人稱，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞u 時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)——一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)——過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)——過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)——過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)be going to——was/were going to/wouldcan--------couldmay--------mightu 時(shí)間地點(diǎn)及指示詞的變化：here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that…u 人稱變化：根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/deskafford6. 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)“能夠”，“必須”還可以用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞police/policemanpay attention to/care for/take care ofremind/rememberone/you可以指任何人： One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.7. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must/have toas作為介詞，以…身份，與like相同as作為連詞，因?yàn)?，正?dāng)。。。時(shí)候，以。。。方式，如同。。。那樣dress/suit/costumegrow/grow up8. have用法give in, give away, give up, give upbeside/besides9. can/could/may/might might as well表示“還是。。。的好”，“還不如。。?！盚e will never pass. He might as well give up.10. 動(dòng)名詞：動(dòng)名詞1． 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式在起名詞作用時(shí)稱為動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞可以做主語(yǔ)，標(biāo)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，介詞賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)（即復(fù)合名詞）2． 動(dòng)名詞的幾種形式：

主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done

3. 做主語(yǔ)：Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表語(yǔ)：My main hobby is reading. One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做賓語(yǔ)：I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English. The flowers need watering.6. 介詞賓語(yǔ)：He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞詞組（注意總結(jié)）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in,7. 做定語(yǔ)：waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水機(jī))， parking slot…8. 動(dòng)名詞的否定：在動(dòng)名詞前面加not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing